ChatGPT is a chatbot and AI assistant built on large language model (LLM) technology. OpenAI’s outsourcing partner was Sama, a training-data company based in San Francisco, California. These labels were used to train alvexo forex broker a model to detect such content in the future. These rankings were used to create “reward models” that were used to fine-tune the model further by using several iterations of proximal policy optimization. The ethics of its development, particularly the use of copyrighted content as training data, have also drawn controversy.
Financial markets
In March 2025, OpenAI updated ChatGPT to generate images using GPT-4o instead of DALL-E. It allows ChatGPT to search the web in an attempt to make more accurate and up-to-date responses. To prevent offensive outputs from being presented to and produced by ChatGPT, queries are filtered through the OpenAI “Moderation endpoint” API (a separate GPT-based AI).
Regional responses
The uses and potential of ChatGPT in health care has been the topic of scientific publications and experts have shared many opinions. Many companies adopted ChatGPT and similar chatbot technologies into their product offers. The dangers are that “meaningless content and writing thereby becomes part of our culture, particularly on social media, which we nonetheless try to understand or fit into our existing cultural horizon.” The Guardian questioned whether any content found on the Internet after ChatGPT’s release “can be truly trusted” and called for government regulation. In December 2022, the question-and-answer website Stack Overflow banned the use of ChatGPT for generating answers to questions, citing the factually ambiguous nature of its responses.
In the case of supervised learning, the trainers acted as both the user and the AI assistant. The fine-tuning process involved supervised learning and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). It can generate plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers, known as hallucinations. The chatbot has also been criticized for its limitations and potential for unethical use. ChatGPT’s website is among the top 5 most-visited websites globally, It has been lauded for its potential to transform numerous professional fields, and instigated public debate about the nature of creativity and the future of knowledge work.
In September 2024, OpenAI introduced o1-preview and a faster, cheaper model named o1-mini. In November 2023, OpenAI launched GPT-4 Turbo with a 128,000 token context window. A study presented example attacks on ChatGPT, including jailbreaks and reverse psychology. ChatGPT is programmed to reject prompts that may violate its content policy.
GPT-4
Despite decades of using AI, Wall Street professionals report that consistently beating the market with AI, including recent large language models, is challenging due to limited and noisy financial data. In August 2024, the FTC voted unanimously to ban marketers from using fake user reviews created by generative AI chatbots (including ChatGPT) and influencers paying for bots to increase follower counts. The FTC asked OpenAI for comprehensive information about its technology and privacy safeguards, as well as any steps taken to prevent the recurrence of situations in which its chatbot generated false and derogatory content about people. ChatGPT has never been publicly available in China because OpenAI prevented Chinese users from accessing their site. Kevin Roose of The New York Times called it “the best artificial intelligence chatbot ever released to the general public”. In September 2025, following the suicide of a 16-year-old, OpenAI said it planned to add restrictions for users under 18, including the blocking of graphic sexual content and the prevention of flirtatious talk.
- The dangers are that “meaningless content and writing thereby becomes part of our culture, particularly on social media, which we nonetheless try to understand or fit into our existing cultural horizon.”
- ChatGPT’s website is among the top 5 most-visited websites globally, It has been lauded for its potential to transform numerous professional fields, and instigated public debate about the nature of creativity and the future of knowledge work.
- In November 2023, OpenAI launched GPT-4 Turbo with a 128,000 token context window.
- The user can interrupt tasks or provide additional instructions as needed.
- ChatGPT has never been publicly available in China because OpenAI prevented Chinese users from accessing their site.
In August 2024, OpenAI announced it had created a text watermarking method but did not release it for public use, saying that users would go to a competitor without watermarking if it publicly released its watermarking tool. ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI, and released in November 2022. The ChatGPT-generated avatar told the people, “Dear friends, it is an honor for me to stand here and preach to you as the first artificial intelligence at this year’s convention of Protestants in Germany”. In an industry survey, cybersecurity professionals argued that it was attributable to cybercriminals’ increased use of generative artificial intelligence (including ChatGPT).
… It’s also a way to understand the “hallucinations”, or nonsensical answers to factual questions, to which large language models such as ChatGPT are all too prone. In one instance, ChatGPT generated a rap in which women and scientists of color were asserted to be inferior to white male scientists. The reward model of ChatGPT, designed around human oversight, can be over-optimized and thus hinder performance, in an example of an optimization pathology known as Goodhart’s law. ChatGPT can find more up-to-date information by searching the web, but this doesn’t ensure that responses are accurate, as it may access unreliable or misleading websites.
In the 2020s, the rapid advancement of deep learning-based generative artificial intelligence models raised questions about the copyright status of AI-generated works, and about whether copyright infringement occurs when such are trained or used. Over many iterations of ChatGPT, plus users maintained more access to better models than the free tier provided, and access to additional features like voice mode. In the reinforcement learning stage, human trainers first ranked responses generated by the model in previous conversations.
Computer security
Kelsey Piper of Vox wrote that “ChatGPT is the general public’s first hands-on introduction to how powerful modern AI has gotten” and that ChatGPT is “smart enough to be useful despite its flaws”. As before, OpenAI has not disclosed technical details such as the exact number of parameters or the composition of its training dataset. According to OpenAI, it was intended to reduce hallucinations and enhance pattern recognition, creativity, and user interaction. Released in February 2025, GPT-4.5 was described by Altman as a “giant, expensive model”.
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A May 2023 statement by hundreds of AI scientists, AI industry leaders, and other public figures demanded that “mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority”. In late March 2023, the Italian data protection authority banned ChatGPT in Italy and opened an investigation. Stanford researchers reported that GPT-4 “passes a rigorous Turing test, diverging from average human behavior chiefly to be more cooperative.” In December 2023, ChatGPT became the first non-human to be included in Nature’s 10, an annual listicle curated by Nature of people considered to have made significant impact in science.
Age restrictions
GPT-5 was launched on August 7, 2025, and is publicly accessible through ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and via OpenAI’s API. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman said that users were unable to see the contents of the conversations. In March 2023, ChatGPT Plus users got access to third-party plugins and a browsing mode (with Internet access). Premium users were originally limited in the number of messages they could send to the new model, but OpenAI increased and eventually removed these limits. GPT-4, which was released on March 14, 2023, was made available via API and for premium ChatGPT users. The model can also generate new images based on existing ones provided in the prompt, which can, for example, be used to transform images with specific styles or inpaint areas.
Agents
In July 2024, the American Bar Association (ABA) issued its first formal ethics opinion on attorneys using generative AI. On November 29, Rosário revealed that the bill had been entirely written by ChatGPT, and that he had presented it to the rest of the council without making any changes or disclosing the chatbot’s involvement. In Mata v. Avianca, Inc., a personal injury lawsuit filed in May 2023, the plaintiff’s attorneys used ChatGPT to generate a legal motion.
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) is a large language model developed by OpenAI and the fourth in its series of GPT foundation models. Later reports showed the bug was much more severe than initially believed, with OpenAI reporting that it had leaked users’ “first and last name, email address, payment address, the last four digits (only) of a credit card number, and credit card expiration date”. Shortly after the bug was fixed, users could not see their conversation history. In March 2023, a bug allowed some users to see the titles of other users’ conversations. One such workaround, popularized on Reddit in early 2023, involved making ChatGPT assume the persona of “DAN” (an acronym for “Do Anything Now”), instructing the chatbot that DAN answers queries that would otherwise be rejected by the content policy. Despite this, users may “jailbreak” ChatGPT with prompt engineering techniques to bypass these restrictions.
According to the company, the paid version of the website was still experimental, but provided access during peak periods, no downtime, priority access to new features, and faster response speeds. In February 2023, OpenAI launched a premium service, ChatGPT Plus, that costs US$20 per month. ChatGPT was initially free to the public, and OpenAI planned to monetize the service later. It has an additional feature called “agentic mode” that allows it to take online actions for the user. In October 2025, OpenAI launched ChatGPT Atlas, a browser integrating the ChatGPT assistant directly into web navigation, to compete with existing browsers such as Google Chrome and Apple’s Safari.
Chris Granatino, a librarian at Seattle University, noted that while ChatGPT can generate content that seemingly includes legitimate citations, in most cases those citations are not real or largely incorrect. Robin Bauwens, an assistant professor at Tilburg University, found that a ChatGPT-generated peer review report on his article mentioned nonexistent studies. In January 2023, Science “completely banned” LLM-generated text in all its journals; however, this policy was just to give the community time to decide what acceptable use looks like. Some, including Nature and JAMA Network, “require that authors disclose the use of text-generating tools and ban listing a large language model (LLM) such as ChatGPT as a co-author”. This includes text-to-image models such as Stable Diffusion and large language models such as ChatGPT.
- In February 2023, OpenAI launched a premium service, ChatGPT Plus, that costs US$20 per month.
- In late March 2023, the Italian data protection authority banned ChatGPT in Italy and opened an investigation.
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- None of the tested services were a perfect replacement for a fluent human translator.
GPT-4.5
The Pro launch coincided with the release of the o1 model, providing unlimited access to o1 and advanced voice mode. In September 2025, OpenAI added a feature called Pulse, which generates a daily analysis of a user’s chats and connected apps such as Gmail and Google Calendar. ChatGPT is frequently used for translation and summarization tasks, and can simulate interactive environments such as a Linux terminal, a multi-user chat room, or simple text-based games such as tic-tac-toe. It is designed to generate human-like text and can carry out a wide variety of tasks.